[19][20] Landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, Willis (Sears) Tower, Grant Park, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. [263], Five area colleges play in DivisionI conferences: two from major conferencesthe DePaul Blue Demons (Big East Conference) and the Northwestern Wildcats (Big Ten Conference)and three from other D1 conferencesthe Chicago State Cougars (Western Athletic Conference); the Loyola Ramblers (Missouri Valley Conference); and the UIC Flames (Horizon League). [44] These issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage. Dominicans There is a small community of Dominicans in Chicago. An attempt was made in the early 20th century to link Chicago with New York City via the Chicago New York Electric Air Line Railroad. The city lies within USDA plant hardiness zone 6a, transitioning to 5b in the suburbs. 40,000 of them came as refugees during the 1990s and early 2000s.[18]. [citation needed], Chicago has been a hub of the retail sector since its early development, with Montgomery Ward, Sears, and Marshall Field's. In The Dark Knight Trilogy and the DC Extended Universe, Chicago was used as the inspiration and filming site for Gotham City and Metropolis respectively. Purchase this important reference work thatincludes maps and charts. Chicagoans have over 580 parks and 8,300 acres of green spaces at their disposal. Roughly three-quarters of residents of three Southern cities Dallas (78%), Atlanta (76%) and Houston (73%) are Christians. [262] The Fire have won one league title and four U.S.Open Cups, since their founding in 1997. 250 live music venues including the world-renowned Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Lyric Opera, and Joffrey Ballet. Many of the city's financial institutions, such as the CBOT and the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, are located within a section of downtown called "The Loop", which is an eight-block by five-block area of city streets that is encircled by elevated rail tracks. The city also has one PBS member station (its second: WYCC 20, removed its affiliation with PBS in 2017[322]): WTTW 11, producer of shows such as Sneak Previews, The Frugal Gourmet, Lamb Chop's Play-Along and The McLaughlin Group. The grid's regularity provided an efficient means of developing new real estate property. [85] Structural changes in industry, such as globalization and job outsourcing, caused heavy job losses for lower-skilled workers. Below the poverty line were 19.6% of the population and 16.6% of the families. Chicago has the third-largest South Asian population in the United States, especially many Indians, Bangladeshi and Pakistanis. The racial makeup of the city in 2010 was 45.3% white and within that 45.3%, 12.9% identify as having Hispanic ancestry (31.7% non-Hispanic white ), 32% black, 5% Asian, and 3% from two or more races. It grew rapidly in the mid-19th century;[8] by 1860, Chicago was the youngest U.S. city to exceed a population of 100,000. Two tall glass sculptures make up the Crown Fountain. These laws became templates for public health reform in other cities and states. [127][128], A popular tourist activity is to take an architecture boat tour along the Chicago River. Judaism has at least 261,000 adherents which is 3% of the population, making it the second largest religion. [97], Chicago is located in northeastern Illinois on the southwestern shores of freshwater Lake Michigan. [258] During the 1990s, with Michael Jordan leading them, the Bulls won six NBA championships in eight seasons. It includes nineteen boulevards, eight parks, and six squares, along twenty-six miles of interconnected streets. [80], During World War II, the city of Chicago alone produced more steel than the United Kingdom every year from 1939 1945, and more than Nazi Germany from 1943 1945. Hispanic origin was reported at 28.9%. [158] A large number of blacks also settled on the West Side. The Mandarin-speaking people settled throughout Chicago and the suburbs . later establishing itself as America's home for the genre. After playing its first eight seasons at Soldier Field, the team moved to suburban Bridgeview to play at SeatGeek Stadium. [195] The city of Chicago also hosts 12 Fortune Global 500 companies and 17 Financial Times 500 companies. [25]. The first Bosnians settled in Chicago in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, joining other immigrants seeking better opportunities and better lives. [citation needed] Lured by a combination of large business customers, federal research dollars, and a large hiring pool fed by the area's universities, Chicago is also the site of a growing number of web startup companies like CareerBuilder, Orbitz, Basecamp, Groupon, Feedburner, Grubhub and NowSecure. By the time of the official census count in 1990, it was overtaken by Los Angeles as the United States' second largest city. [223], Chicago has a distinctive fine art tradition. [15] The region also has the largest number of federal highways and is the nation's railroad hub. [98][99], Chicago's history and economy are closely tied to its proximity to Lake Michigan. The services terminate in the San Francisco area, Washington, D.C., New York City, New Orleans, Portland, Seattle, Milwaukee, Quincy, St.Louis, Carbondale, Boston, Grand Rapids, Port Huron, Pontiac, Los Angeles, and San Antonio. political party by metro area. [219], Renowned Chicago theater companies include the Goodman Theatre in the Loop; the Steppenwolf Theatre Company and Victory Gardens Theater in Lincoln Park; and the Chicago Shakespeare Theater at Navy Pier. There is a substantial Cuban population in Chicago. All of its major franchises have won championships within recent years the Bears (1985), the Bulls (1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, and 1998), the White Sox (2005), the Cubs (2016), the Blackhawks (2010, 2013, 2015), and the Fire (1998). This ushered in the beginning of what is known as the Gangster Era, a time that roughly spans from 1919 until 1933 when Prohibition was repealed. [291] However, Chicago, like other major U.S. cities, experienced a significant reduction in violent crime rates through the 1990s, falling to 448 homicides in 2004, its lowest total since 1965 and only 15.65 murders per 100,000. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. The 1920s saw gangsters, including Al Capone, Dion O'Banion, Bugs Moran and Tony Accardo battle law enforcement and each other on the streets of Chicago during the Prohibition era. A number of statues also honor recent local heroes such as Michael Jordan (by Amrany and Rotblatt-Amrany), Stan Mikita, and Bobby Hull outside of the United Center; Harry Caray (by Amrany and Cella) outside Wrigley field, Jack Brickhouse (by McKenna) next to the WGN studios,[citation needed] and Irv Kupcinet at the Wabash Avenue Bridge. How Chicago Gobbled Its Neighbors", "Chicago Architecture Foundation River Cruise Aboard Chicago's First Lady Cruises", "The Public Art Scene You're Missing in Chicago", "Columnist Irv Kupcinet remembered with statue dedication", "Climate of Chicago Illinois State Climatologist", "Chicago, Illinois Kppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)", Extreme cold in Midwest will finally begin to ease grasp, At 23 below, Wednesday marked Chicago's 4th coldest temperature recorded, University of Iowa student dies during polar vortex; 7 other deaths linked to wintry blast, "Top 20 Weather Events of the Century for Chicago and Northeast Illinois 19001999", "A Study of Chicago's Significant Tornadoes", "Ask Tom: Does Chicago Get Lake-Effect Snow? Metropolitan statistics available for 236 Religious Groups, Religious Diversity explained and pictured with Religion Census Data, Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB), The Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA). [19] There are approximately 14,000 Ukrainians living within the Chicago city limits. The Bears play their home games at Soldier Field. The ceiling of its Preston Bradley Hall includes a 38-foot (12m) Tiffany glass dome. This led to the creation of the atomic bomb by the United States, which it used in World War II in 1945. Population estimates in 2008 put the number of people in the city proper at 2,853,114, while suburban populations continue to grow, with estimates at 9,785,747 for the combined city and suburbs. [355] Because of low participation in the blue bag programs, the city began a pilot program for blue bin recycling like other cities. Those with skills in demand couldand often didstay. Additionally, Chicago is one of the eight cities in the United States to have won championships in the four major professional leagues and, along with Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia and Washington, is one of five cities to have won soccer championships as well. ), Missionary Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad. A German wont vote for either of them. [236], The Chicago-style hot dog, typically an all-beef hot dog, is loaded with an array of toppings that often includes pickle relish, yellow mustard, pickled sport peppers, tomato wedges, dill pickle spear and topped off with celery salt on a poppy seed bun. By the close of the 19th century, Chicago was the fifth largest city in the world. [26], In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by the Potawatomi, a Native American tribe who had succeeded the Miami and Sauk and Fox peoples in this region. Finally, two fountains near the Loop also function as monumental works of art: Plensa's Crown Fountain as well as Burnham and Bennett's Buckingham Fountain. 2012. Religion Census. City laws and later, state laws that upgraded standards for the medical profession and fought urban epidemics of cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever were both passed and enforced. [292][293] In 2009, the murder count fell to 458 (10% down). In 2005, O'Hare was the world's busiest airport by aircraft movements and the second-busiest by total passenger traffic. In northern Illinois, ComEd (a division of Exelon) operates the greatest number of nuclear generating plants in any US state. [citation needed], The city has two Major League Baseball (MLB) teams: the Chicago Cubs of the National League play in Wrigley Field on the North Side; and the Chicago White Sox of the American League play in Guaranteed Rate Field on the South Side. [104] Landfill extends into portions of the lake providing space for Navy Pier, Northerly Island, the Museum Campus, and large portions of the McCormick Place Convention Center. In the spring of 1937 Republic Steel Works witnessed the Memorial Day massacre of 1937 in the neighborhood of East Side. [83], By the 1960s, white residents in several neighborhoods left the city for the suburban areas in many American cities, a process known as white flight as Blacks continued to move beyond the Black Belt. [315], Chicago has a network of Lutheran schools,[316] and several private schools are run by other denominations and faiths, such as the Ida Crown Jewish Academy in West Ridge. [65][66] In 1883, Chicago's railway managers needed a general time convention, so they developed the standardized system of North American time zones. North Halsted Street is the main thoroughfare of Boystown. As the major meat companies grew in Chicago many, such as Armour and Company, created global enterprises. [121] The Loop's historic buildings include the Chicago Board of Trade Building, the Fine Arts Building, 35East Wacker, and the Chicago Building, 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments by Mies van der Rohe. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. ), Apostolic Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad. About a third of residents of New York (33%), Los Angeles (32%) and Chicago (34%) are Catholic. Other notable schools include: Chicago State University; the School of the Art Institute of Chicago; EastWest University; National Louis University; North Park University; Northeastern Illinois University; Robert Morris University Illinois; Roosevelt University; Saint Xavier University; Rush University; and Shimer College. [42] The Chicago Board of Trade (established 1848) listed the first-ever standardized "exchange-traded" forward contracts, which were called futures contracts.[43]. He defeated Douglas in the general election, and this set the stage for the American Civil War. [158] Chicago's South Side emerged as United States second-largest urban black concentration, following New York's Harlem. Industrial districts, such as some areas on the South Side, the areas along the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, and the Northwest Indiana area are clustered. [341] The program ended on October 15, with nearly 800,000 rides taken. Since 1968, the Joseph Jefferson Awards are given annually to acknowledge excellence in theater in the Chicago area. With its four interconnected buildings, it is the largest convention center in the nation and third-largest in the world. The U.S. [247] Nonetheless, Chicagoans worked hard to create a literary tradition that would stand the test of time,[248] and create a "city of feeling" out of concrete, steel, vast lake, and open prairie. [276] The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions and approves the city budget.[277]. Among the nations biggest metro areas, Phoenix has one of the highest concentrations of Mormons (6%). [350] The City of Chicago is the world headquarters for United Airlines, the world's third-largest airline. [136], There are many sunny but cold days in winter. [243] The appetizer, which consists of a square of fried cheese, is doused with Metaxa and flambed table-side. He created Lincoln Park by closing a cemetery filled with shallow graves, and in 1867, in response to an outbreak of cholera he helped establish a new Chicago Board of Health. Of the 1,061,928 households in the 2000 census, 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.1% were married couples living together, 18.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.4% were non-families. The religious face of America is largely a Christian one, with roughly seven-in-ten Americans belonging to that faith. Prominent Latino cultural attractions found here include Humboldt Park's Institute of Puerto Rican Arts and Culture and the annual Puerto Rican People's Parade, as well as the National Museum of Mexican Art and St. Adalbert's Church in Pilsen. THE 2020 U.S. [182], The first two Parliament of the World's Religions in 1893 and 1993 were held in Chicago. [119] Today, Chicago's skyline is among the world's tallest and densest. Illinois. In 1968 and 1969, members of the Chicago Imagists, such as Roger Brown, Leon Golub, Robert Lostutter, Jim Nutt, and Barbara Rossi produced bizarre representational paintings. [citation needed], With an estimated completion date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the University of Chicago in Hyde Park and include both the Obama presidential library and offices of the Obama Foundation. According to U.S. Census Bureau, 48.53 percent of the Chicago population is male and 51.47 percent are female. The Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) coordinates the operation of the three service boards: CTA, Metra, and Pace. Vaccines protect you and the people around you, reducing the spread of COVID-19. The two teams have faced each other in a World Series only once: in 1906, when the White Sox, known as the "Hitless Wonders," defeated the Cubs, 42. [citation needed], When Chicago was incorporated in 1837, it chose the motto Urbs in Horto, a Latin phrase which means "City in a Garden". [197] For six consecutive years since 2013, Chicago was ranked the nation's top metropolitan area for corporate relocations. [25] According to his diary of late September 1687: when we arrived at the said place called "Chicagou" which, according to what we were able to learn of it, has taken this name because of the quantity of garlic which grows in the forests in this region. The City Beautiful movement inspired Chicago's boulevards and parkways. Of the remaining third, around 1. [126] Multiple kinds and scales of houses, townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings can be found throughout Chicago. The accent remains well associated with the city. By 1930 450 families of Volga German heritage were living in the Jefferson Park area, most of whom originated from Wiesenseite. With a population of 2,746,388 in the 2020 census,[7] it is also the most populous city in the Midwest. The Chicago Thanksgiving Parade is broadcast live nationally on WGN-TV and WGN America, featuring a variety of diverse acts from the community, marching bands from across the country, and is the only parade in the city to feature inflatable balloons every year. [94] Emanuel was sworn in as mayor on May 16, 2011, and won re-election in 2015. Only the WASPs hated the Irish, and the WASPs all lived on the North Shore. [61] Programs that were developed there became a model for the new field of social work. [329], Chicago has five 50,000 watt AM radio stations: the CBS Radio-owned WBBM and WSCR; the Tribune Broadcasting-owned WGN; the Cumulus Media-owned WLS; and the ESPN Radio-owned WMVP. The Archdiocese of Chicago serves around 2.2 million Catholics in Cook and Lake Counties in Northeastern Illinois, a geographic area of 1,411 square miles. Religion Census, email cliff.grammich@usreligioncensus.org. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Chicago's 58million tourist visitors in 2018 set a new record. In 1803, the U.S. Army constructed Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed during the War of 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn by the Potawatomi before being later rebuilt. From 1989 until May 16, 2011, Chicago was under the leadership of its longest-serving mayor, Richard M. Daley, the son of Richard J. Daley. Frank Gehry's detailed, stainless steel band shell, the Jay Pritzker Pavilion, hosts the classical Grant Park Music Festival concert series. The average land elevation is 579ft (176.5m) above sea level. As the old saying went, "A Lithuanian wont vote for a Pole, and a Pole wont vote for a Lithuanian. Dew point temperatures in the summer range from an average of 55.7F (13.2C) in June to 61.7F (16.5C) in July. [31], After the War of 1812, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. frequency of feelings of spiritual wellbeing by metro area, Learn More: frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing, At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who feel a sense of wonder about the universe, Compare: In 1893, Chicago hosted the World's Columbian Exposition on former marshland at the present location of Jackson Park. The top five races for people living in Chicago are: White (44%), Black (32%), Asian (5%), Hispanic or Latino (28%), Two or more races (2%). Affordability, top notch crew and talent, and state-of-the-art facilities and vendors have made Chicago a hotbed for film and television dating back to The Blues Brother. These include the Chicago Picasso, We Will by Richard Hunt, Mir's Chicago, Flamingo and Flying Dragon by Alexander Calder, Agora by Magdalena Abakanowicz, Monument with Standing Beast by Jean Dubuffet, Batcolumn by Claes Oldenburg, Cloud Gate by Anish Kapoor, Crown Fountain by Jaume Plensa, and the Four Seasons mosaic by Marc Chagall. This series gives a picture of county-level religious affiliation nationwide. belief in existence of standards for right and wrong by metro area, Learn More: belief in absolute standards for right and wrong, There are clear standards for what is right and wrong, Right or wrong depends on the situation, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who read scripture, Compare: [190] In 2009 Chicago placed ninth on the UBS list of the world's richest cities. For these figures, anything under 0.25% displays as <0.3%. [233], Chicago lays claim to a large number of regional specialties that reflect the city's ethnic and working-class roots. Many Polish churches are found in Chicago, built in the Polish Cathedral style of architecture. By 2006, the cartel sought to control most illicit drug sales. The lake also provides another positive effect: moderating Chicago's climate, making waterfront neighborhoods slightly warmer in winter and cooler in summer. May 02, 2012 at 10:49 am. [93] The area was shut down for three days and some buildings did not reopen for weeks; losses were estimated at $1.95billion. Chicago city, Illinois. Taiwanese and Hong Kong immigrants settled in Chicago in the 1950s and 1960s. Information on Chicago, Ill. economy, government, culture, state map and flag, major cities, . [79] The theme of the fair was technological innovation over the century since Chicago's founding. In the state court, the public prosecutor is the Illinois state's attorney; in the Federal court it is the United States attorney. Chicago is also home to the Barack Obama Presidential Center being built in Hyde Park on the city's South Side. The undergraduate student body is split among 41 states (may include Washington D.C.). The beauty of Chicago lies not only in its magnificent architecture, but also in the city's vast preserved green and open spaces. [295] In 2011, Chicago's murders fell another 1.2% to 431 (a rate of 15.94 per 100,000). Chicago was named Americas Best Bike City by Bicycling Magazine in 2016. [201][202][203] Citadel's CEO Ken Griffin, formerly the richest Illinois resident, had been engaged in a three-year feud with Illinois governor J. ), Other Metaphysical Christian ("Other Christian" Trad. Although their numbers dropped because of reduced emigration from Germany and because World War I had made it unpopular to acknowledge one's German heritage, 22 percent of Chicago's population still did so in 1920. The proximity to Lake Michigan tends to keep the Chicago lakefront somewhat cooler in summer and less brutally cold in winter than inland parts of the city and suburbs away from the lake. Visit ChooseChicago.com, Chicago's Official Tourism Website. The South Side contains most of the facilities of the Port of Chicago. [140] They can reach nearly 80F (27C), such as during the July 2019 heat wave. For every 100 females there were 94.2 males. For questions about participation in the 2020 U.S. The entertainment and cultural magazine Time Out Chicago and GRAB magazine are also published in the city, as well as local music magazine Chicago Innerview. 2 city", "COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHIC ESTIMATES 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Chicago", "Census: Hispanics surpass blacks as Chicago's 2nd-largest racial group", CBS News: "Hispanic Population Surges In Chicago, New Census Data Shows" By Jeremy Ross, "Illinois Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990", "2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)", "Healthy Chicago databook: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Health", "San Francisco Metro Area Ranks Highest in LGBT Percentage", "The Metro Areas With the Largest, and Smallest, Gay Populations", "Same-sex marriage licenses could hit 10,000 in Cook County this summer", "10,000th same-sex couple issued marriage license in Cook County", "Selected Economic Characteristics: 20082012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates: Chicago city, Illinois", "These are the cities with the most ultra-rich people", "Community Facts: First Ancestry Reported, Chicago city, Illinois", Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles, "Table 6 Fifteen Largest PC(USA) Congregations Based on Membership Size, 2014", "2020 Metropolitan Chicago Jewish Population Study", "Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area, 2016", "Moody's: Chicago's Economy Most Balanced in US (January 23, 2003)", London named world's top business center by MasterCard, "Washington area richest, most educated in US: report", "World's richest cities by purchasing power", "The ten largest US central business districts | Modern Cities", "JPMorgan History | The History of Our Firm", "Chicago Area Employment February 2018", "Chicago Named Nation's Top Metro Area for Corporate Relocation For the Sixth Straight Year", "Chicago's Fortune 500 headquarters are shrinking", "Why You Should Start a Company in Chicago", "Ken Griffin's Citadel ditches Chicago for Miami following crime complaints", "Ken Griffin's Citadel Move Is 'Punch in the Gut' for Chicago", "Big Companies Keep Leaving Chicago: What's Going On? The DW60 stands at approximately 196ft (60m), which is 46 feet (14m) taller than the previous wheel. Buckingham Fountain anchors the downtown park along the lakefront. A 2017 study by Walk Score ranked Chicago the sixth-most walkable of fifty largest cities in the United States. As of the 2010 Census, 578,100 residents of the City of Chicago, had full or partial Mexican origins.[7]. "Chicagoan" redirects here. Chicago is home to NetherRealm Studios, the developers of the Mortal Kombat series. A flourishing independent rock music culture brought forth Chicago indie. [28][29][30], In 1795, following the victory of the new United States in the Northwest Indian War, an area that was to be part of Chicago was turned over to the US for a military post by native tribes in accordance with the Treaty of Greenville. Ravinia Festival, located 25 miles (40km) north of Chicago, is the summer home of the CSO, and is a favorite destination for many Chicagoans. Parks district - https://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/. The Irish are still very active in the city's politics. [158][159] To these ethnic groups, the basis of the city's industrial working class, were added an additional influx of African Americans from the American Southwith Chicago's black population doubling between 1910 and 1920 and doubling again between 1920 and 1930. United States. Lake Shore Drive runs adjacent to a large portion of Chicago's waterfront. "[8] The Irish gained entry to Chicago's Fire and Police Departments and have kept family traditions of participation in these units. Persons per household, 2017-2021. Diocesan Priests, Deacons, Women and Men Religious, and Lay Personnel in the Archdiocese Diocesan Priests (including active and retired): 683 Religious Priests: 432 Religious Brothers: 149 Women Religious: 1,068 Deacons: 652 (includes active, active outside the diocese, seniors, and retired) Certified Pastoral Associates: 43
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