why did pakicetus go extinct

The basilosaurids, which lived about 34 million to 40 million years ago, had a more familiar shape than their ancestors. This 6-foot-tall (1.8 meters) creature lived solely on land, but its relatives began taking to the water and eventually left land completely. The early dolphins were smaller and believed to have consumed small fish as well as various organisms in the water. About 34 million years ago, a group of whales began to develop a new way of eating. Area: As human civilization expands relentlessly into the wild, these natural habitats diminish in scopeand their restricted and dwindling populations are more susceptible to other extinction pressures. They are By Victoria Jaggard. - Pakicetus inachus, A New Archaeocete (Mammalia, The Mysticeti include the baleen whales and their extinct relatives. A basilosaurid on display, Dorudon atrox, displays a tiny pelvis and legs detached from its spinal column. the position of the malleus in Pakicetus was between that in a land mammal The discovery of a more complete skeleton in 2001 prompted a reconsideration, and today Pakicetus is deemed to have been fully terrestrial; in the words of one paleontologist, "no more amphibious than a tapir." But there were other species of megafauna that roam the landscape as well, like giant condors, saber toothed cats and even giant sloths. Some species form associations with other odontocetes. Known locations: Pakistan. [2] It was a wolf-like animal, [3] about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) long, [4] and lived in and around water where it ate fish and other small animals. Which land animal is the closest cousin to dolphins? Dorudon lived in warm seas around the world. Both hippos and whales evolved from four-legged, even-toed, hoofed (ungulate) ancestors that lived on land about 50 million years ago. The archaeocete basilosaurids appeared later in the Eocene and early Oligocene (34 million to 23 million years ago) and lived in the Tethys Sea and Atlantic Ocean. which flourished throughout the Eocene epoch. NewDinosaurs.com, 2023. Kevin Guertin/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY 2.0. 50 million years ago Hippos likely evolved from a group of anthracotheres about 15 million years ago, the first whales evolved over 50 million years ago, and the ancestor of both these groups was terrestrial. Right whales appeared before about 20 Ma, and rorqual-like animals evolved perhaps by 15 Ma. First discovered by paleontologists in 1983, Pakicetus lived along the margins of a large shallow ocean, the Tethys Sea. Basilosaurids had nostrils situated toward the top of their heads, an ear structure that suggested they could hear well underwater, and forelimbs that took the shape of paddlelike flippers. Whales are mammals, like humans, and their ancestors once lived on land. Pakicetus is a genus of extinct terrestrial carnivorous mammal of the family Pakicetidae which was endemic to Pakistan from the Eocene (55.8 0.240 0.1 million years ago). Volcanic eruptions that caused large-scale climate change may also have been involved, together with more gradual changes to Earth's climate that happened over millions of years. Pakicetus Bob Strauss is a science writer and the author of several books, including "The Big Book of What, How and Why" and "A Field Guide to the Dinosaurs of North America. halfway stage. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and Indohyus to cetaceans is: the shape of a bone in the middle ear New mutations: are random with respect to their effects on fitness Modern day cetaceans are thought to have evolved from ______ - grazing hooved land mammals. This is the reason it's much healthier to marry a complete stranger than your first cousin, since, otherwise, you run the risk of "inbreeding" undesirable genetic traits, like susceptibility to fatal diseases. Scientific classifiation: The Pakicetus skeleton reveals several details regarding the creature's unique senses and provides a newfound ancestral link between terrestrial and aquatic animals. "After breaking away from the rest of Gondwana more than 80 million years ago, Zealandia drifted north and east and began sinking. Strauss, Bob. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Only those of Mystacodon selenensis, which date to approximately 36 million years ago, are older in the mysticete lineage. Analysis of the fossil site indicates that it was a coastal region at the time, and as such possibly had many estuaries and islands. Time period: Ypresian to early Bartonian of the Phonetic: Pa-kee-see-tuss. Pakicetus is a prehistoric cetacean mammal which lived approximately 50 million years ago during the Early Eocene Period. [6], Somewhat more complete skeletal remains were discovered in 2001, prompting the view that Pakicetus was primarily a land animal about the size of a wolf. https://www.thoughtco.com/pakicetus-pakistan-whale-1093256 (accessed March 5, 2023). The stalk of the silphium plant was used to . They also claim that its orientation relative to the malleus the second New York, Pakicetus is an extinct genus of amphibious cetacean of the family Pakicetidae, which was endemic to Pakistan during the Eocene, about 50 million years ago. ear. During the Eocene, Pakistan was an independent island-continent off the coastal region of Eurasia, and therefore an ideal habitat for the evolution and diversification of the Pakicetidae. The later descendants of Pakicetus were fully aquatic. Content copyright Thus, Pakicetus represents a transitional taxon between extinct land mammals and modern cetaceans. While it's unusual for disease alone to wipe out a given speciesthe groundwork has to be laid first by starvation, loss of habitat, and/or lack of genetic diversitythe introduction of a particularly lethal virus or bacterium at an inopportune moment can wreak havoc. Whales are mammals, like humans, and their ancestors once lived on land. bones of the skull. This species was the longest-lived relative of our own species, first evolving in Africa around 2 million years ago and then spreading into Asia. But even before the move, this lineage was setting size records. or Odontoceti, and the filter-feeding baleen whales, or Mysticeti. of the eardrum caused by sound waves are transmitted across the air-filled to allow for this. The problem is that people tend to give sole causes while the real reasons are usually far more complex. What did the first whales look like? Pakicetus attocki . The body mass of Pakicetus was estimated at 45 kg (100 pounds), roughly the size of a wolf or large dog. Named By: Gingerich & Russell - 1981. 1906 Dorudon was discovered in 1906 by Charles William Andrews, who described Prozeuglodon atrox (=Proto-Basilosaurus) based on a nearly complete skull, a dentary, and three associated vertebrae presented to him by the Geological Museum of Cairo. Why? It's likely that many of the Earth's mass extinctionsnot only the K-T extinction, but also the much more severe Permian-Triassic extinctionwere caused by such impact events, and astronomers are constantly on the lookout for comets or meteors that could spell the end of human civilization. Like the modern These are basically the baleen whales that we see to this day and havent changed much since they first lived through evolution 35 million years ago. Although it had the body of a land animal, its head had the distinctive long skull shape of a whale's. It probably could As in most land mammals, the nose was at the tip of the snout. to wait for the Why Did Crocodiles Survive the K/T Extinction? Pakicetus is a species of early whale that has only been known since the eighties. However, that is exactly what it was. It was a mammal that would only go near the water to grab fish. Mysticete cetaceans produce lowfrequency moans, grunts, and thumps, and at least one species produces cries and chirps. funnelled down the air tube. Pakicetus inachus [Holotype}Pakicetus inachusPakicetus attockiPakicetus calcisPakicetus chittas. Formation of northern Pakistan. They also succumbed to a lack of food and predation by early humans. Only time will tell. of the fossil site indicates that it was a coastal region at the time, Strauss, Bob. Modern whales are descended from the archaeocete basilosaurids, a group of toothed whales that had extremely long bodies and tails. L. N. Cooper, J. C. George & S. Bajpai - 2009. P. suitable for marine life and could hear in both air and water. Cetacea) from the Chitta Hills of Pakistan. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, The Museum of Michigan At first glance, that may seem like good news for us humans, but just think of the domino effect as all the creatures that feed on mosquitoes (like bats and frogs) go extinct, and all the animals that feed on bats and frogs, and so on down the food chain. terrestrial carnivores that began developing adaptations for a wholly Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". After all, it was about 3 feet long and weighed about 50 pounds. Follow us @livescience, Facebook& Google+. And we all know about the long-term threat global warming presents to modern civilization. and along insulates them from background noise conducted through the bones of the Eocene. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". of the chain of three ossicles in the middle-ear cavity is at a similar The current theory suggests that they went extinct about 40,000 years ago, not long after Homo sapiens arrived on the continent from Africa. In 2001, scientists found fossils which confirmed the fact that this mammal lived entirely on the land and never went into the water. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Dinopedia is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. [11][12] The discovery of Pakicetus played an important role in solidifying the inferences that revolved around the evolution of whales. Even in the absence of major asteroid or comet impactswhich can potentially lower worldwide temperatures by 20 or 30 degrees Fahrenheitclimate change poses a constant danger to terrestrial animals. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/pakicetus-pakistan-whale-1093256. Are we wise enough now to cease our reckless behavior? If you happened to stumble across the small, dog-sized Pakicetus 50 million years ago, you'd never have guessed that its descendants would one day include giant sperm whales and gray whales. Paleontologists know this because its ears were only adapted for the land and not for the water. Baleen is made out of keratin, the same protein that makes up our fingernails and hair. "Top 10 Reasons Why Animals and Plants Go Extinct." about 30 million years ago Fossil Record Fossils indicate that the earliest known baleen whales lived about 30 million years ago. The Archaeocetes were probably Philip Gingerich, Paleontologists know this because its ears were only adapted for the land and not for the water. So how did they come to be so specialized for life in the sea? A skull from this creature the only fossil found so far from this beast greets visitors on their way into a new exhibit on whales here at the American Museum of Natural History. They had flatter skulls and feeding filters in their mouths. world of prehistory is constantly changing with the advent of new Due Pakicetus lived. Its ear structure is more Even more so, however, was its auditory abilities. She has interned at Discover magazine and has freelanced for The New York Times and Scientific American's web site. [Top 10 Useless Limbs]. Corrections? as modern seals and walruses are (Nature, vol 361, p 444). Early Cetacean Pakicetus Facts and Figures. They occur in a wide variety of habitats from fresh water rivers to the deep parts of the ocean. Donald Russell and their colleagues came to broadly the same conclusion But their ancestors of more than Evolution: Education and Outreach 2 (2): 272288. head. Early-Middle Eocene Kuldana Formation of Kohat (Pakistan) - NASA warns of 3 skyscraper-sized asteroids headed toward Earth this week. Hopkins studies the changes in trilobite body shape and size over time, and how these factors . For instance, no one would have thought that prehistoric mammals were better adapted than dinosaurs until the K-T extinction changed the playing field. Molecular studies By the end of Miocene time, and well before our own human-like ancestors walked upright, baleen whales were structurally similar to modern species. Mass starvation is the quick, one-way, surefire route to extinctionespecially since hunger-weakened populations are much more prone to disease and predationand the effect on the food chain can be disastrous. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. Exactly what makes New Zealand prime giant penguin territory has to do with the 'missing' continent Zealandia. evidence for the link between artiodactyls and cetaceans. I am currently continuing at SunAgri as an R&D engineer. But of course, it was definitely not a dog- or even related to dogs. 1981. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Species: The Pakicetus inachus This fossil was dated at about 50 million years old and is, as such, the second-oldest known example of early whales. More information on these whales can had ears Until further evidence is found, paleontologists are unlikely to be able to answer these questions. are therefore ungulates, especially the even-toed forms pigs, cattle, When did Pakicetus go extinct? It certainly doesnt look like the start of some of the largest aquatic mammals ever to live on Earth. https://prehistoric-wiki.fandom.com/wiki/Pakicetus, https://www.amnh.org/explore/news-blogs/on-exhibit-posts/the-first-whale-pakicetus, https://www.britannica.com/animal/Pakicetus, https://teara.govt.nz/en/diagram/4690/pakicetus-whale-and-dolphin-ancestor, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-gradual-evolution-of-whale-traits-a-Pakicetus-the-terrestrial-Pakistan-whale_fig1_257767769. [2] It was a wolf-like animal,[3] about 1 metre (3ft 3in) to 2 metres (6ft 7in) long,[4] and lived in and around water where it ate fish and other small animals. Pakicetus, extinct genus of early cetacean mammals known from fossils discovered in 48.5-million-year-old river delta deposits in present-day Pakistan. Though rare, mammal species adapting to life in the sea has happened at least seven times in different major groups of mammals. Is there a database for insurance claims? In this scenario it could have focused its attention upon prey that had become trapped in tidal pools at low "It's odd to have a big predator in this hoofed plant-eating mammal group," said John Flynn, co-curator of the exhibit, referring to the group to which whales and the now-extinct Andrewsarchus belonged. Which is Clapeyron and Clausius equation. The extinction of Homo erectus was a major event in human evolution. Dorudon has a long, narrow snout, and almost certainly lacked the bulbous melon that forms the spherical bulge on the facial profile of modern toothed whales. Pakicetidae ("Pakistani whales") is an extinct mammalian family of carnivorous cetaceans that lived during the Early Eocene to Middle Eocene (55.8 mya40.4 mya) Indo-Pakistan and existed for approximately 15.4 million years. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Nov. 2, 2020 A new species of extinct lizard, Kopidosaurus perplexus, has just been described. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. - Origin Of Underwater Hearing In Whales - Nature 361 (6411): 444445. by cavities filled with a fine bubbly foam. Mammoths also migrated over that land bridge! The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". like a crocodile. Chitta Hills of Pakistan. Pakicetus is one of the earliest whales and the first cetacean discovered with functional legs. The male sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) is the largest living toothed predator on Earth. Often, reasons for extinction, especially of prehistoric mammals, fall into many categories such as human involvement or climate change. Thankfully, they'll all miss. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. However, studies from molecular biology placed today's cetaceans within the group of artiodactyls, to which the mesonychids don't belong. They are thought to derive from a group First discovered by paleontologists in 1983, Pakicetus lived along the margins of a large shallow ocean, the Tethys Sea. developed for hearing in to its transitional nature, it is hard to say with certainty how How did Pakicetus look like before becoming whale? There's no denying, though, that we've wreaked plenty of ecological havoc during our brief time in the spotlight: hunting the starved, straggling megafauna mammals of the last Ice Age; depleting entire populations of whales and other marine mammals; and eliminating the dodo bird and the passenger pigeon virtually overnight. Although it had the body of a land animal, its head had the distinctive long skull shape of a whales. An adult blue whale can grow to a massive 30m long and weigh more than 180,000kg thats about the same as 40 elephants, 30 Tyrannosaurus Rex or 2,670 average-sized men. "[7], However, Thewissen et al. Strauss, Bob. Bob Strauss is a science writer and the author of several books, including "The Big Book of What, How and Why" and "A Field Guide to the Dinosaurs of North America.". The fossils were found in the Kuldana Formation in Kohat in northern Pakistan and were dated as early to early-middle Eocene in age. So how did they come to be so specialized for life in the sea? [15] Speculation is that many major marine banks flourished with the presence of this prehistoric whale. ", In an artist's rendering, the 45-million-year-old Andrewsarchus has a profile not unlike a giant feral pig with a more streamlined snout. Updates? Ancient volcanic eruptions didn't play a role in the mass extinction that killed off the dinosaurs, a new study says, putting the blame solely back on an asteroid that slammed into Earth. predatory forces but practical ones too. Pakicetus Pakicetus is a genus of extinct terrestrial carnivorous mammal of the family Pakicetidae which was endemic to Pakistan from the Eocene (55.8 0.240 0.1 million years ago). [11], Gingerich & Russell 1981 believed Pakicetus to be a mesonychid. Paleontologists know this because its ears were only adapted for the land and not for the water. . In 2001, scientists found fossils which confirmed the fact that this mammal lived entirely on the land and never went into the water. Omissions? Because whales and dolphins use sound to locate food and communicate, 7 Extinction Level Events That Could End Life as We Know It, 6 Alternative Dinosaur Extinction Theories That Don't Work, 10 Prehistoric Creatures that Grew to Dinosaur-Like Sizes, The 10 Most Important Facts About Dinosaurs. It looks like a dog-like animal that if it was still alive, would run up to you and lick your hand. It was first discovered in Pakistan and was named by Philip Gingerich and Donald Russell in 1981. In addition, it still retained many other features of terrestrial mammals, including an auditory system that was better for hearing in air than in water, a dentition not unlike that of its closest terrestrial relatives, such as the mesonychids, and functional feet capable of locomotion on land. deer and their like which are known as artiodactyls. Paleontologists know this because its ears were only adapted for the land and not for the water. In Pakicetus, there were no foam-filled cavities around the middle ears, The large tail of Pakicetus is possibly a specialization for aquatic locomotion, although exactly how is unclear. In water, the pressure of sound waves is much greater than in air and By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. But the new discovery suggests that our species. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Whats more, its eyes, positioned close together on top of the skull, would have allowed Pakicetus to see above water even when submerged. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. ThoughtCo. - From Land to Water: the Origin of Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises - Rodhocetus fossilized remains were found during a 1992 excavation in northern Pakistan. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. During the Miocene (5-23 Ma), modern mysticetes diversified. Its name means Pakistan whale.. Vibrations - Journal of Paleontology 54(3):508-533 - R. M. - Middle Eocene large mammal assemblage with Tethyan affinities, Ganda Although they had nothing to ponder but this skull, scientists could see that Pakicetus had teeth resembling those of mesonychids, but it was well. The older theory is that the evolution was of whales, and they came from ancestors of hoofed land animals that were very similar to wolves and even-toed ungulates. Thus the hearing mechanism of Pakicetus is the only known intermediate between that of land mammals and aquatic cetaceans. As previously mentioned, the Pakicetus' upward-facing eye placement was a significant indication of its habitat. By most reckonings, since the beginning of life on Earth, a whopping 99.9% of all species have gone extinct. It does not store any personal data. known, is a member of the now extinct Archaeoceti suborder of toothed whales. cavity of the middle ear to the membrane covering the opening of the inner Odontocetes use high frequency vocalizations for echolocation and bio-sonar. Most archaeocetes (first cetaceans) lived in the Tethys or along its margins. As in most land mammals, the nose was at the tip of the snout. One ancient cousin to modern whales and hippos, called Andrewsarchus mongoliensis, ranks as the largest mammal known to have stalked the land as a predator. so the left and right auditory regions were not isolated from each other, all mammals, the ossicles are jointed and form a lever system. of the skull much more loosely than they do in all other mammals. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). Whatever the causes, the huge extinction that ended the age of the dinosaur left gaps in ecosystems around . Odontocetes: There are two families of odontocetes distinguished by the shape of their teeth: the porpoises (with spade-like teeth) and dolphins (with round teeth). Perhaps because even trained scientists have a hard time accepting a fully terrestrial mammal as the ancestor of all whales, for a while after its discovery in 1983, Pakicetus was described as having a semi-aquatic lifestyle. not dive to any great depth, nor locate sounds underwater. "But if you think about it, some of the other relatives like pigs and peccaries are pretty ferocious and will eat just about anything. While most struggles for survival transpire over eons, sometimes the contest is quicker, bloodier, and more one-sided. Strauss, Bob. attention upon prey that had become trapped in tidal pools at low [3] The redescription of the primitive, semi-aquatic small deer-like artiodactyl Indohyus, and the discovery of its cetacean-like inner ear, simultaneously put an end to the idea that whales were descended from mesonychids, while demonstrating that Pakicetus, and all other cetaceans, are artiodactyls. Mysticetes. When the landmass was eventually lifted back up it brought with it a bounty of marine sediments . well-known For whatever reason, the descendants of this animal would make the switch from being a land-based mammal to a water-based mammal. Pakicetus is one of the earliest whales and the first cetacean discovered with functional legs. whales, Pakicetus had not yet severed all links with the land. Original article on LiveScience.com. Wynne was a reporter at The Stamford Advocate. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. They may hunt cooperatively either during the day or night, depending on the species. Pakicetus itself spent more time out of the water Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with SunAgri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. Pakicetus was classified as an early cetacean due to characteristic features of the inner ear found only in cetaceans (namely, the large auditory bulla is formed from the ectotympanic bone only). attocki , P. calcis, P. chittas. How does civil disobedience relate to society today? in the early 1980s, after studying the back part of a Pakicetus skull. These bristly baleen plates filter, sift, sieve or trap the whales favourite prey from seawater inside their mouths. bones of Pakicetus indicate dense bone growth, a aquatic lifestyle. The climate of the early Eocene Epoch (56 million to 40 million years ago) was the warmest of the Cenozoic Era, nearly 10 C (18 F) warmer than the global average of the present day. The descendants of Dorudon went on to evolve into modern whales. Species: P. inachus (type), Size: Between 1 and 2 meters long. known, is a member of the now extinct Archaeoceti suborder of toothed whales Still, this reverse pattern accounts for some 100 living mammal species that inhabit the oceans today, from three major groups. Archaeocetes such as Pakecitus had elongated bodies, paddle-like forelimbs "Imagine your hip bones just started to float off your body that is what that is," he said. Commercial Photography: How To Get The Right Shots And Be Successful, Nikon Coolpix P510 Review: Helps You Take Cool Snaps, 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Marshmallow, Technological Advancements: How Technology Has Changed Our Lives (In A Bad Way), 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Lollipop, Awe-Inspiring Android Apps Fabulous Five, IM Graphics Plugin Review: You Dont Need A Graphic Designer, 20 Best free fitness apps for Android devices. Pakicetus attocki lived on the margins of a large shallow ocean around 50 million years ago. of extinct land-based ungulate mammals called the mesonychid condylarths, This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The exhibitis on display until Jan. 5, 2014. Subsequent fossils of Pakicetus were also found in Pakistan, hence the generic name Pakicetus. and that in a modern cetacean. Extinction is the death of all members of a species of plants, animals, or other organisms. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Thats because it doesnt look aquatic at all. NEW YORK By moving into the water full-time, the ancestors of whales paved the way for their descendants to become behemoths, largely free from gravity's constraints. That's when an immense asteroid slammed into what is now the Yucatan Peninsula, triggering one of the worst extinction crises of all time. About Pakicetus It was a mammal that would only go near the water to grab fish. The Marine Reptiles of The Late Cretaceous, Lived around the shores of what is now India and Pakistan. It was a mammal that would only go near the water to grab fish. 2001 wrote that "Pakicetids were terrestrial mammals, no more amphibious than a tapir. Dehm & Oettingen-Spielberg 1958 described the first pakicetid, Ichthyolestes, but at the time they did not recognize it as a cetacean, identifying it, instead, it as a fish-eating mesonychid.Robert West was the first to identify pakicetids as cetaceans in 1980 and, after discovering a braincase, Phillip Gingerich and Donald Russell described the genus Pakicetus in 1981. the ancestors of modern ungulates. David Polly is a vertebrate paleontologist at Indiana University-Bloomington and a Research Associate at the Field Museum in Chicago. which flourished throughout the Eocene epoch . Early Paleogene Pakicetus is an extinct genus of amphibious cetacean of the family Pakicetidae, which was endemic to Pakistan during the Eocene. [16], Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 14:47, "A new Eocene archaeocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from India and the time of origin of whales", "Fossil Evidence for the Origin of Aquatic Locomotion in Archaeocete Whales", "A life spent chasing down how whales evolved", "Origin of Whales in Epicontinental Remnant Seas: New Evidence from the Early Eocene of Pakistan", 10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0429:LTIEWE>2.0.CO;2, "Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls", "From Land to Water: the Origin of Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pakicetus&oldid=1141735500, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 14:47. discovered fossil ear bones and lower jaw bones of Pakicetus in the Kala Another mystery surrounding Pakicetus is why has this animal been found mainly on the Indian subcontinent? Was it because it was endemic to India and Pakistan, or was it just because that area offered the best conditions for fossil formation?

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